Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Background and Objective: Anemia is a prevalent and serious side effect that lowers quality of life and raises the risk of morbidity and death in people with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Anemia in CKD is still underdiagnosed and poorly treated, despite advancements in our understanding of its pathogenesis and therapy. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among CKD patients in Chattogram. Materials and Methods: In Chattogram, 313 individuals with anemia and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), aged 16 to 85, were included in a cross-sectional study from November, 2023 to January, 2024. The patients gave their agreement to take part in the study and were receiving routine follow-up care at the chosen nephrology clinic. This study also covered additional biochemical parameters, such as creatinine level, the relationship between Hb (%) and diabetic patients, and other hypertension factors. A standardized questionnaire comprising the patient’s data (name, age, sex, weight, cell phones number, etc.) was used to collect the clinical history. Results: In this study, 63.89% of patients were male and 36.11% were female, with a mean age of 50.5 years. Decreased hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with diabetes (p = 0.00001) and hypertension (p = 0.00009) in CKD patients. High creatinine was found in 159 males; 57 males and 39 females had a history of heart disease. Smoking and alcohol use were predominantly among males (36.5 and 29%, respectively), while almost no females reported these habits. Kidney stone history was noted in 35 males and 11 females. Anemia is highly prevalent among CKD patients, particularly in those with advanced disease stages. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the need for regular anemia screening and comprehensive management in CKD patients, especially those with additional risk factors. In resource-limited settings, early intervention and targeted health education can greatly improve outcomes and reduce CKD-related complications.